收藏界黑马——元代缠枝花卉青花瓶
元青花瓷(又称元青花),即元代生产的青花瓷器。青花瓷生产于唐代,兴盛于元代。成熟的青花瓷出现在元代的景德镇,纹饰最大特点是构图丰满,层次多而不乱。
英文翻译:
Yuan blue and white porcelain (also known as Yuan blue and white porcelain), that is, blue and white porcelain produced in the Yuan Dynasty. Blue and white porcelain was produced in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Yuan Dynasty. Mature blue-and-white porcelain appeared in Jingdezhen in the Yuan Dynasty. The biggest feature of the decoration is the plump composition and many levels without chaos.
元青花瓷大改传统瓷器含蓄内敛风格,以鲜明的视觉效果,给人以简明的快感。以其大气豪迈气概和艺术原创精神,将青花绘画艺术推向顶峰,确立了后世青花瓷的繁荣与长久不衰。
英文翻译:
Yuan blue and white porcelain greatly changed the implicit and restrained style of traditional porcelain, and gave a concise pleasure with vivid visual effects. With its magnificent spirit and original spirit of art, the blue and white painting art was pushed to the top, which established the prosperity and long-lasting of the blue and white porcelain in later generations.
元代青花瓷的胎质重而坚,器壁较厚,大器较多。由于含杂质多,胎里大多有铁褐色小点。胎是用高岭麻苍土做的。高岭麻苍土的特点是白而不细,因为当时粉碎的条件有限,工艺有限,所以可以见到很多气孔。现在的胎是非常细的没有气孔。过去老的胎泥,是有经过陈腐的过程,有机物经过陈腐会发生变化。所以它的胎有细腻的感觉,现在做的胎没有陈腐显得很干。现代机械加工出来的制瓷原料的可塑性,一般不如元代手工制备的原料。现代景德镇流行的陶瓷成型工艺说法是:三分拉坯,七分修坯。也就是说,器物的成形主要是用刀修出的。元代工艺恰恰相反,是七分拉坯,三分修坯,主要是由于元代泥料可塑性较强,可以拉得很薄,所以器物的上半部和内部根本不需要修整,只是需要对下半部和圈足做简单修整。因此元代器物的口沿和脖颈都线条流畅,外型圆润,不落刀痕。
英文翻译:
The blue-and-white porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty had heavy and firm tires, thicker walls and more large vessels. Due to the large amount of impurities, there are mostly iron brown spots in the tire. The fetus is made of Kaolin hemp soil. The characteristics of Kaolin hemp soil are white but not fine, because at that time the conditions of crushing were limited and the process was limited, so many pores could be seen. The current tire is very thin and has no pores. In the past, old tire mud has undergone a stale process, and organic matter will change after staleness. Therefore, its tires have a delicate feeling, and the tires made now look very dry without being stale. The plasticity of porcelain raw materials processed by modern machinery is generally not as good as the raw materials prepared by hand in the Yuan Dynasty. The popular ceramic molding process in modern Jingdezhen is: three-point blanking and seven-point trimming. In other words, the forming of the utensils is mainly repaired with a knife. The Yuan Dynasty process is the opposite. It is a seven-point blanking and three-point trimming, mainly due to the strong plasticity of the Yuan Dynasty mud, which can be drawn very thin, so the upper half and the interior of the utensils do not need to be trimmed at all, just Simple trimming of the lower half and rim. Therefore, the mouth and neck of the artifacts of the Yuan Dynasty are smooth, rounded in shape, and do not drop the knife marks.
此藏品青花发色分别有浓艳、淡雅、青灰三种。浓艳是用进口苏泥勃青料,淡雅是进口料与国产料混合使用。相当部分的青花烧成后有黑色斑点、且较深。至正型的元青花用的都是进口的苏麻离青料,而苏麻离青料有一个特点,就是高铁低锰,青花深沉蓝中带点紫色,青中微微地泛绿。元代使用的“苏勃尼青”主要成份是氧化钴兼有少量氧化铁。在高温的作用下“苏勃尼青”中的氧化铁会在硅酸盐液态中互相聚集,形成深色结晶斑点。在显微镜下观察,多呈不规则状酱褐色斑点沉于釉下,可见是不可多得的精品。
英文翻译:
The blue and white hair colors of this collection are rich, elegant and blue gray. Lunyan is made of imported Su Ni Bo green material, and elegant is mixed with imported materials and domestic materials. A considerable portion of blue and white flowers have black spots and are darker. The most positive type of blue and white flowers use imported Su Ma Li green material, and Su Ma Li green material has a characteristic, that is, high-speed iron and low manganese, blue and white blue with a little purple, blue and green slightly green. The main component of "Subney Blue" used in the Yuan Dynasty was cobalt oxide with a small amount of iron oxide. Under the action of high temperature, the iron oxides in "Subney Blue" will aggregate with each other in the silicate liquid, forming dark crystalline spots. Observed under a microscope, most of the sauce brown spots sink under the glaze.
我国虽早在唐代就已经烧制青花瓷,但成熟的青花瓷器诞生在元代。元代是一个承前启后的重要时期。元代前前后后还不到一百年,作为一个王朝,它虽然短暂,但元青花却是我国瓷器中璀璨夺目的一颗珍珠。元青花瓷器在我国历史上,曾作为中华传统文化的传播者,大量销往海外的中东地区。元代瓷器市场以大件青花瓷器最为名贵。历代瓷器多以小件为精,只有元代青花瓷例外,有越大越精之趋向。一旦有器身高大平稳、纹饰华美大方、风格庄重古朴、器型别致完整的元青花在市场上出现,必定是极具抢手的拍品。
英文翻译:
Although my country has already fired blue and white porcelain as early as the Tang Dynasty, mature blue and white porcelain was born in the Yuan Dynasty. The Yuan Dynasty was an important period of succession. It was less than a hundred years before and after the Yuan Dynasty. As a dynasty, although it was short, the Yuan blue and white flower was a dazzling pearl in my country's porcelain. In the history of my country, Yuan blue and white porcelain was used as a spreader of traditional Chinese culture and sold to the Middle East overseas. In the Yuan Dynasty porcelain market, large-scale blue and white porcelain was the most valuable. Porcelain in the past dynasties mostly used small pieces as the essence, with the exception of the blue and white porcelain in the Yuan Dynasty. Once there is a stable and tall, beautiful and elegant decoration, a solemn and simple style, and a complete and unique style of blue and white flowers on the market, it must be an extremely sought-after lot.
